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El Hamel, Chouki. “The Register of the Slaves of Sultan Mawlay Isma’il of Morocco at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century.” The Journal of African History 51, no. 1 (2010): 89–98.
"French Morocco." Civilisations 3, no. 1 (1953): 121-34.
Manning, Patrick. Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slavery, 149-160. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Meyers, Allan R. "Class, Ethnicity, and Slavery: The Origins of the Moroccan 'Abid." The International Journal of African Historical Studies 10, no. 3 (1977): 427-42.
“Parliament and the British Slave Trade 1600-1833.” UK Parliament, 23 March 2018.
Pétré-Grenouilleau, Olivier. From Slave Trade to Empire: European Colonisation of Black Africa 1780’s-1880’s. New York: Routledge, 2004.
"Slave Trades." In New Encyclopedia of Africa, 2nd ed., Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. 420-443.
Sutton, Angela. “The Seventeenth-century Slave Trade in Documents of the English, Dutch, Swedish, Danish and Prussian Royal Slave Trading Companies.” Slavery & Abolition 36, no. 3: 445-459.
Swaminathan, Srividhya. Debating the Salve Trade: Rhetoric of British National Identity, 1759-1815. Farnham, England: Routledge, 2009.
whitehouse.gov (https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/thomas-jefferson/)
archives.gov (https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration)
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Thought Leaders Sources Consulted
Acton, Harry Burrows. “Herbert Spencer”. Britanica.com
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Shashkevich, Alex. “Stanford scholar traces medical experimentation on slaves in 18th-century Caribbean colonies”. News.standford.edu.
Washington, Harriet A. Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2008.
Wall, L.L “The medical ethics of Dr J Marion Sims: a fresh look at the historical record”. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563360/. Accessed April 30, 2018.
Sims, James Marion. "The Story of My Life" D. Appleton, 1888
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Sumner, William Graham. "Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals". Harvard University: Ginn,1906.
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Spencer, Herbert. "The Principles of Biology, Volume One" Harvard University: William and Norgate, 1864.
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Comb, George and Morton, Samuel George. " Crania Americana; Or, A Comparative View of the Skulls of Various Aboriginal Nations of North and South America: To which is Prefixed an Essay on the Varieties of the Human Species". University of Chicago. J Dobson, 1839.
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Jefferson, Thomas. "Notes on the State of Virginia". Harvard University: H. Sprague, 1802.
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Everyday Citizens Sources Consulted
Andres Cierto, “Descripción de la costa de Salé que comprende desde Cavo Blanco ,” Digital Histories, accessed April 25, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/70.
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“ A Statement of the Exports from Charleston (S.C.) of the Crop of 1784, Beginning December 3, 1784, and Ending Nov. 19, 1785.,” Digital Histories, accessed April 25, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/61.
Blackpast.org: Remembered and Reclaimed, "Johnson, Anthony", accessed May 1, 2018, http://www.blackpast.org/aah/johnson-anthony-1670.
“The Butler Family,” Digital Histories, accessed April 25, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/90.
Doesticks, Q.K. Philander, American Anti-slavery Society, “Great auction sale of slaves, at Savannah, Georgia, March 2d and 3d, 1859,” Digital Histories, accessed April 25, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/68.
Encyclopedia Virginia, "Court Ruling on Anthony Johnson and His Servant (1655)", accessed May 1, 2018. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Court_Ruling_on_Anthony_Johnson_and_His_Servant_1655.
Exploring Maryland's Roots Library, "Anthony Johnson", accessed May 1, 2018, http://mdroots.thinkport.org/library/anthonyjohnson.asp.
Holland Nimmons McTyeire (1824-1889), “Duties of Christian Masters,” Digital Histories, accessed April 30, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/60.
Maurice Besson, “A Slave-dealer and his customer in Africa,” Digital Histories, accessed April 30, 2018., https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/76.
National Park Service: Gulf Islands National Seashore, "Jonathan Walker", accessed May 1, 2018, https://www.nps.gov/people/jonathan-walker.htm.
PBS: Africans in America, "Anthony Benezet", accessed May 1, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p248.html.
“Southern Planter: "Pomp, you Rascal! do you see any of those cursed Yankee ships coming this way?",” Digital Histories, accessed April 30, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/63.
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Thomas Griggs, “Cash! All person that have slaves to dispose of...,” Digital Histories, accessed April 30, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/80.
Raymond P. Stearns, “Triangular Trade, voyage of the Sanderson from Newport, RI, 1752,” Digital Histories, accessed April 25, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/65.
Ribeiro da Silva, Filipa. 2017. "The slave trade and the development of the Atlantic Africa port system, 1400s–1800s." International Journal Of Maritime History29, no. 1: 138-154. Historical Abstracts with Full Text, EBSCOhost.
William Dent, “Abolition of the slave trade, or the man the master,” Digital Histories, accessed April 30, 2018, https://digitalhistories.kennesaw.edu/admin/items/show/58.
Enslaved People Sources Consulted
Allen, William Francis, Charles Pickard Ware, and Lucy McKim Garrison. Slave Songs of the United States: Electronic Edition. New York, NY: A. Simpson &, 1867. Accessed April 29, 2018. http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/allen/allen.html.Call Number M1670 .A42 (Rare Book Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
Armstrong, George D. The Christian Doctrine of Slavery. New York, NY: Charles Scribner, 1857. Accessed March 25, 2018. https://archive.org/details/christiandoctorine00armsrich.
Ball, Charles. Fifty Years in Chains; Or, The Life of an American Slave. New York, NY: H. Dayton, 1859. June 6, 2008. Accessed March 25, 2018.
Caldwell, Dr. G. W., “Receipt for Medical Services,” http://digitalcollections.uncc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16033coll12/id/118 (accessed March 20, 2018)
"Charles Ball (U.S. National Park Service)." National Parks Service. Accessed April 30, 2018. https://www.nps.gov/people/charles-ball.htm.
College of Physicians of Philadelphia, “Proceedings of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, relative to the prevention of the introduction and spreading of contagious diseases,” http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2546053R (accessed March 22, 2018).
Goldenberg, David M. 2003. The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed March 25, 2018).
Hamel, Chouki El. Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Lempriere, William, “A tour from Gibraltar to Tangier, Sallee, Mogodore, Santa Cruz, and Tarudant; and thence over Mount Atlas to Morocco. Including a particular account of the royal harem, &c.,” http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2561019R (accessed March 20, 2018).
Lewis, Thomas. "Transatlantic Slave Trade." Encyclopædia Britannica. January 05, 2018. Accessed April 04, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/transatlantic-slave-trade.
Masler, Marilyn, and Marina Pacini. Carl Gutherz: Poetic Vision and Academic Ideals. Memphis, TN: Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, 2009.
Paugh, Katherine, “Yaws, Syphilis, Sexuality, and the Circulation of Medical Knowledge in the British Caribbean and the Atlantic World,” http://muse.jhu.edu/article/547713 (accessed April 20,2018).
Rothman, Irving N. "Olaudah Equiano." Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia (2013): Research Starters, EBSCOhost (accessed April 29, 2018).
Shashkevich, Alex. “Stanford scholar traces medical experimentation on slaves in 18th-century Caribbean colonies,” https://news.stanford.edu/2017/08/10/medical-experimentation-slaves-18th-century-caribbean-colonies/ (accessed April 15, 2018).
Sims, J. M. (1852). ART. IV.--on the treatment of vesico-vaginal fistula. (). Philadelphia: American Periodicals Series II. Retrieved from American Periodicals Retrieved from https://login.proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/125257135?accountid=11824
Swan, (1920) Case of Yaws. Dominican Republic, 1920. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2017676616/.
This receipt can be used as an artifact. The receipt dates to 1862 and shows that the price for this particular treatment was $10. If possible, I would like to find another receipt from either another region, Morocco, or a service ledger for comparison.
Trotter, Thomas, “Observations on the scurvy: with a review of the theories lately advanced on that disease ; and the opinions of Dr. Milman refuted from practice,” http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2575040R (accessed March 22, 2018).
U.S. Census Bureau, “Slave Population of the United States: 1970-1854,” http://archive.org/details/0231553.nlm.nih.gov (accessed March 20, 2018).
Additional Resources
Angeles, Luis. “On the Causes of the African Slave Trade.” Kyklos 66, no. 1 (February 2013): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/%28ISSN%291467-6435/issues.
Bailey, Anne C. African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade : Beyond the Silence and the Shame. Boston, Mass: Beacon Press, 2005.
Berlin, Ira. Generations of Captivity: A History of African-American Slaves. 8/31/04 edition. Belknap Press, 2004.
———. “The Atlantic Creoles.” Slate, May 19, 2015.
“Black Guard.” Wikipedia, July 5, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Guard&oldid=789128777.
Cameron, Zac. “Morocco Magazine: Slave Trade & Morocco.” Morocco Magazine (blog), March 6, 2016. http://moroccomagz.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-need-for-labor-in-americas-and.html.
Campbell, Gwyn, Joseph C. Miller, and Suzanne Miers. Children in Slavery Through the Ages. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2009. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=818532&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Cleaveland, Timothy1. “Ahmad Baba Al-Timbukti and His Islamic Critique of Racial Slavery in the Maghrib.” Journal of North African Studies 20, no. 1 (January 2015): 42–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2014.983825.
Crane, Jacob. “Barbary(an) Invasions.” Early American Literature 50, no. 2 (May 2015): 331–58.
Cuno, Kenneth M., and Terence Walz. Race and Slavery in the Middle East : Histories of Trans-Saharan Africans in 19th-Century Egypt, Sudan, and the Ottoman Mediterranean. Vol. [US & CA territories only version]. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2010. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=891298&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Davis, R. Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, The Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800. 2003 edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
Eltis, David, and David Richardson. Extending the Frontiers : Essays on the New Transatlantic Slave Trade Database. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2008. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=278434&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Eltis, David, David Richardson, David W. Blight, and David Brion Davis. Atlas of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.
Gaiser, Adam. “Slaves and Silver across the Strait of Gibraltar: Politics and Trade between Umayyad Iberia and Khārijite North Africa.” Medieval Encounters 19, no. 1/2 (March 2013): 41. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342124.
“Glasser on El Hamel, ‘Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam’ | H-Atlantic | H-Net.” Accessed October 9, 2017. https://networks.h-net.org/node/16821/reviews/55674/glasser-el-hamel-black-morocco-history-slavery-race-and-islam.
Gould, Philip. Barbaric Traffic. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2003. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=282041&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Greene, Sandra E. “Minority Voices: Abolitionism in West Africa.” Slavery & Abolition 36, no. 4 (December 2015): 642. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2015.1008213.
Hamel, Chouki El. Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Harich, Nourdin, Marta D Costa, Verónica Fernandes, Mostafa Kandil, Joana B Pereira, Nuno M Silva, and Luísa Pereira. “The Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Clues from Interpolation Analyses and High-Resolution Characterization of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages.” BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 (May 10, 2010): 138–138. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-138.
Horton, James Oliver, and Lois E. Horton, eds. Slavery and Public History: The Tough Stuff of American Memory. New edition edition. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2008.
———. Slavery and the Making of America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Khan, M. A. Islamic Jihad: A Legacy of Forced Conversion, Imperialism, and Slavery. iUniverse, 2009.
Law, Robin. “The Human Commodity: Perspectives on the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade.” African Affairs, no. 369 (1993): 623.
Lecocq, Baz. “Awad El Djouh and the Dynamics of Post-Slavery.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 48, no. 2 (May 2015): 193.
Manning, Patrick. Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Milton, Giles. “Slave to the Sultan.” Bookseller, no. 5123 (April 9, 2004): 24–24.
———. White Gold: The Extraordinary Story of Thomas Pellow and North Africa’s One Million European Slaves. Edited by Roland Philipps. New Ed edition. London: Hodder Murray, 2005.
Mir, Anjum. “Chapter 3: Muslims During the Era of Slavery.” American Encounter with Islam, November 2003, 12–14.
Mohamed, Mohamed Hassan. Between Caravan and Sultan : The Bayruk of Southern Morocco: A Study in History and Identity. Studies in the History and Society of the Maghrib. Leiden: Brill NV, 2012. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=456885&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Mohamed, Mohamed Hassan1. “Africanists and Africans of the Maghrib: Casualties of Analogy.” Journal of North African Studies 15, no. 3 (September 2010): 349–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2010.486573.
Montana, Ismael M.1. “The Trans-Saharan Slave Trade in the Context of Tunisian Foreign Trade in the Western Mediterranean.” Journal of North African Studies 20, no. 1 (January 2015): 27–41.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2014.983736.
Montana, Ismael Musah, and Ehud R. Toledano. The Abolition of Slavery in Ottoman Tunisia. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=618958&site=eds-live&scope=site.
“Moroccan Moors Sold the Black Race into Slavery / ‘..Morocco against Black Africa..’(Diop Quote).” Abundance ChildTM (blog), May 10, 2010. https://abundancechild.wordpress.com/2010/05/10/preview/.
Northrup, David, ed. The Atlantic Slave Trade, 3rd Edition. 3rd edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010.
Nunn, Nathan. “The Long-Term Effects of Africa’s Slave Trades.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 123, no. 1 (February 2008): 139–76.
Rawley, James A., and Stephen D. Behrendt. The Transatlantic Slave Trade : A History. Vol. Rev. ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=127278&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Rediker, Marcus. The Slave Ship: A Human History. Reprint edition. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2008.
“Review: When Morocco Ruled the Waves: The White Slave Trade Takes on a Whole New Meaning: WHITE GOLD By Giles Milton Hodder & Stoughton Pounds 18.99, Pp316.” The Observer (London, England), 2004.
Rushforth, Brett, and Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture. Bonds of Alliance : Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France. Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia. Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute and University of North Carolina Press, 2012. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=965225&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Schwarz, Suzanne. “Ransoming Practices and ‘Barbary Coast’ Slavery: Negotiations Relating to Liverpool Slave Traders in the Late Eighteenth Century.” African Economic History, no. 42 (2014): 59–85.
Slavery, Princeton &. “Princeton & Slavery.” Text/html. Princeton & Slavery, November 6, 2017. https://slavery.princeton.edu.
Smallwood, Stephanie E. Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora. 11/15/08 edition. Harvard University Press, 2008.
“The Atlantic Slave Trade.” History of Islam (blog), December 23, 2009. https://historyofislam.com/contents/onset-of-the-colonial-age/the-atlantic-slave-trade/.
“The Black Kings of Morocco.” African History - Histoire Africaine, August 8, 2016. http://www.lisapoyakama.org/en/the-black-kings-of-morocco/.
“The Mediterranean Corsairs.” Maltese History & Heritage (blog), February 24, 2015. https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/the-mediterranean-corsairs/.
“THE VIEW FROM FEZ: Moorish Corsairs: The History of Salé.” THE VIEW FROM FEZ (blog), August 19, 2009. http://riadzany.blogspot.com/2009/08/moorish-corsairs-history-of-sale.html.
Thomas, Hugh. The SLAVE TRADE: THE STORY OF THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE: 1440 - 1870. 1St Edition edition. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1999.
Thornton, John. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800. 2 edition. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
“Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.” Accessed October 2, 2017. http://www.slavevoyages.org/.
Ungerer, Gustav. “Portia and the Prince of Morocco.” Shakespeare Studies 31 (2003): 89–126.
Walvin, James. Atlas of Slavery. Vol. First edition. Harlow, England: Routledge, 2006. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=797713&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Warnock, Amanda, and Toyin Falola. Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage. Greenwood Milestones in African American History. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. http://proxy.kennesaw.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=224695&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Wood, Peter H., and Ismail Muhammad. “The Birth of Race-Based Slavery.” Slate, May 19, 2015. http://www.slate.com/articles/life/the_history_of_american_slavery/2015/05/why_america_adopted_race_based_slavery.html.
Workman, Derek. “The Imperial Relics of Moulay Ismail in Meknes.” Journey Beyond Travel, January 9, 2014. https://www.journeybeyondtravel.com/blog/the-imperial-relics-of-moulay-ismail-in-meknes.html.
Wright, John. “Morocco: The Last Great Slave Market?” The Journal of North African Studies 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629380208718473.